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Women in Oman
Women in Oman were historically excluded from the forums of everyday life. But with the dispersal of Omanis in the early 1900s and their return in the early 1970s, a more contemporary population of Omanis that were influenced by the British colonial values during their time abroad have slowly challenged many traditions of gender segregation. Women now pursue careers and professional training, slowly moving from their previous household confinement to the public sphere.〔Skeet, Ian. Oman: Politics and Development. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.〕 In Oman, 17 October is celebrated every year as the Omani Women's Day with various pro-female events.〔(Women’s Day celebrations today ), 17 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-27.〕
==Politics==
In 1970, the political and social atmosphere of Oman changed with the advent of a new ruler, Sultan Qaboos bin Said, son of the conservative and rigid Said bin Taimur. After decades of stagnant to non-existent growth, Qaboos overthrew his father in a palace coup and immediately began numerous social programs, commissioning hospitals, clinics, schools, etc. Many Omanis who had been living abroad to get a proper education returned to participate in the construction of a new nation. The abroadees also brought with them the liberal and open attitude of their host countries, including the idea of equal gender relations.〔Chatty, Dawn. "Women Working in Oman: Individual Choice and Cultural Constraints." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32.2 (2000): 241-54〕
Sultan Qaboos introduced many reforms funded mostly by the oil revenue, targeting development and social services. He also appointed the Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Council), a body of representatives elected by the people that review legislation. This act gave the people more control in their government which had been previously in complete control of the royal family and his appointed cabinet. In the September 2000 elections, 83 candidates were elected for seats in the Majlis al-Shura, including two women. In 1996, the Sultan issued "The Basic Law of the Sultanate of Oman" to serve as a form of written constitution. This document gives the Omani people their basic civil liberties as well as guaranteeing equality and protection under the law. In 2002, universal suffrage was granted to all Omanis over the age of 21.〔"Oman - Leadership." Encyclopedia of the Nations. Web. 1 May 2012. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/Oman-LEADERSHIP.html〕
More recently, the Sultan’s Royal Decree in 2008 gave women the equal right to own land as held by their male counterparts.〔Yusuf Issan, Salha. "Preparing for the Women of the Future: Literacy and Development in the Sultanate of Oman." Hawwa (Leiden) 8.2 (2010): 120-53〕 Sultan Qaboos also recently signed the Decent Work Country Programme, a service dedicated to increase job opportunities for women as well as stand for justice, equality, and freedom. The program is supposed to be implemented from 2010 to 2013.〔Aslam, Neelufer, and Srilekha Goveas. "A Role and Contributions of Women in the Sultanate of Oman." International Journal of Business and Management 6.3 (2011): 232-39〕
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